Foundations of Nanoscience, April 21-24, 2009
Quick Reference Guide to Current Research
conference website, short agenda, detailed agenda, conference summary
NOTE: Includes presented talks only, not posters
A. Taxonomy of
nanoscience tracks
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1. Processes |
3. Nanostructures |
5. Fundamentals |
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2. Components |
4. Materials |
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B. Quick reference
summary of nanoscience tracks and talks
Track: Top-down meets
Bottom-up (
Theme: Mix of organic
and inorganic techniques to create functional nanomaterials and substrates
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1. “Top-down Meets
Bottom-up: Rational Approach towards SERS Engineering” Zhiyong
Li, HP Labs |
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Approach: SERS (surface-enhanced raman scattering);
rational engineering of SERS physics; a fundamental understanding of
“enhancement effect” |
Result: Possibility of fabricating a large-area SERS
(surface-enhanced raman scattering) substrate with uniform and quantifiable
enhancement factors |
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2. “Polymer Self
Assembly in Semiconductor Microelectronics” Charles T. Black, Brookhaven
National Laboratory |
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Approach: Use block copolymer self-assembly (a biological
bottoms-up method) as an alternative to traditional lithography |
Result: Sub-50 nm semiconductor microelectronics
patterning/circuit etching as a next-generation lithography technique for
extending |
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3. “Bio-inspired
Assembly of Functional Nanomaterials” Song Jin, University of
Wisconsin-Madison |
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Approach: Mimic biomineralization process; controlled
assembly of organic materials from solution; generate surface carboxylic
groups, block copolymer |
Result: Create functional nanomaterials; nucleate
nanoscale crystalline inorganic materials |
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4. “Lithographically
patterned colloids as cell surface mimics” T. Andrew Taton,
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Approach: Make synthetic versions of protein patterns found on cell surfaces; protein-functionalized, lithographically-fabricated colloids, T-cells that react as with natural proteins |
Result: Engineered immune response simulators |
Track: Self-Assembled
Surface Chemistry (
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1. “Harnessing
Nature's Powerful DNA Sequencing Engine: Single Molecule Real Time
Sequencing-by-Synthesis” Stephen W. Turner, Pacific Biosciences |
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Approach: SMRT (single molecule real-time) DNA sequencing;
eavesdropping on template-directed synthesis by DNA polymerase in real-time
via 1) phospholinked nucleotides and 2) zero-mode
waveguide confinement technique |
Result: $100, 1 hour whole human genome sequencing
expected in 2011; 30,000-fold improvement on the current method |
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2. “Surface
Bio-Engineering Using Peptides for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Proliferation” Mustafa
Gungormus, |
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Approach: Use GEPI (genetically-engineered peptides) to
regulate cell behavior at interfaces by modifying surface chemistry;
immobilize bioactive molecules causing infection |
Result: Improved binding at bio-inorganic interfaces;
potential use in biomedical implants (reduce infection) and scaffolds
(improved nanodevice construction) |
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3. “Lithography and
DNA Synthesis: Integration at the Nanoscale” Franco Cerrina,
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Approach: Test a wide variety of existing lithography and
DNA synthesis methods together in different configurations |
Result: Integrate top-down and bottom-up methods, assemble
DNA nanostructures on lithographically-patterned templates |
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4. “Cell-free
Protein Translation” Brian Fox, University of Wisconsin-Madison |
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Approach: Use an enriched preparation of ribosomes for cell-free protein translation, especially wheat-germ cell-free translation |
Result: De novo
protein synthesis; more efficient protein synthesis |
Track: Biomedical
Nanotechnology (
Theme: Deeper
understanding of biological mechanisms and the construction of targeting
nanostructures
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1. “Self Assembly of
the Ribosome Protein Synthesis Machine” James Williamson, The Scripps
Research Institute |
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Approach: Develop an isotope pulse-chase assay using
quantitative mass spec. Develop a two photon excitation three-color
fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to monitor assembly reactions involving
labeled ribosomal proteins |
Result: Characterization of the assembly mechanism of the
30S ribosomal subunit (responsible for mRNA decoding) |
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2. “Viral
Nanoparticles (VNPs) as platforms for biomedicine:
Targeting VNPs to sites of disease in vivo” Nicole
F. Steinmetz, The Scripps Research Institute |
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Approach: Design and test (via assay) multivalent display
of endothelial targeting CPMV (cowpea mosaic virus) peptides |
Result:
In vivo targeting of CPMV (cowpea mosaic virus) particles to tumor
endothelium and cancer cells |
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3. “Targeting
Nanoparticles to Tumors Using Adenoviral Vectors” Maaike
Everts, University of Alabama-Birmingham |
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Approach: Coupled gold nanoparticles and quantum dots to
adenoviral vectors |
Result: Demonstrated the feasibility of coupling metal
(e.g.; gold) nanoparticles and quantum dots to targeted adenoviral vectors;
however a higher number of nanoparticles would need to be attached to the
adenoviral vector for therapeutic use |
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4. “Nanodiamond-Based Therapeutic Delivery Agents for Cancer, Inflammation, and Wound Healing” Dean Ho, Northwestern University |
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Approach: Functionalize nanodiamonds with a wide variety of therapeutics for drug delivery |
Result:
Therapeutic delivery agents for cancer inflammation and wound healing,
specifically nanodiamond-based microfilm device formation for localized chemotherapy |
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5. “Molecular Biomimetics – Coupling Peptides and Nanoparticles for
Nanotechnology and Medicine” Candan Tamerler, |
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Approach: Couple peptides and nanoparticles into biocomposites; genetically select and/or design peptides with specific binding to functional solids, tailor their binding and assembly characteristics, develop bifunctional peptide/protein genetic constructs with both material binding and biological activity, and utilize these as molecular-synthesizers, erectors, and assemblers |
Result: Solid-binding peptides as novel molecular agents coupling bio- and nanotechnology |
Track: Self-assembled
Computer Circuit and System Architectures (
Theme: use DNA self-assembly to manufacture nanoscale devices; extend/replace CMOS with traditional and novel methods
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1. “Nanoscale
Integrated Sensing and Processing: Architectures for a New Computational
Domain” Constantin Pistol, |
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Approach: Use DNA self-assembly (nanostructure grids) to
place chromophores a few nm apart to generate Resonance Energy Transfer (RET)
for molecular sensing and pass gate creation |
Result: Make an nSP (nanoscale
sensor processor) by integrating both molecular probe sensing and computation
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2. “A simple DNA gate
motif for synthesizing large-scale circuits” Lulu Qian,
Caltech |
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Approach: Use toe-hold mediated DNA strand replacement as
a gate motif |
Result: Scale up circuit assembly, large-scale circuit
synthesis |
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3. “Self-Assembly of
Carbon Nanotube Devices Directed by 2D DNA Nanostructures” Si-ping Han, Caltech |
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Approach: Use 2D DNA origami nanostructures |
Result: Direct assembly of cross-junction CNTs |
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4. “Finding the
Missing Memristor” |
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Approach: Use traditional methods - imprint lithography |
Result: Make a memristor to make smaller digital switches
as a means of extending |
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5. “Magnetic Logic
Based on Field-Coupled Nanomagnets: Clocking Structures and Power Analysis”
Wolfgang Porod, Notre Dame |
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Approach: Use room-temperature nanomagnets/magnetic QCA (quantum dot cellular automata) (vs. molecular QCA) |
Result: Build a nanoscale device/system with more atomically correct gates/circuits |
Track: Self-Assembly
Across Scales (
Theme: Make
electronic components or proto-components with organic and inorganic mechanisms
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1. “Quilt Packaging
– a Quasi-Monolithic Way to Merge Size Scales” Gary Bernstein, Notre Dame |
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Approach: Use MEMs to protrude from the sides of the die
(vs. TSVs (through silicon vias) across the full
surface of the chip for direct metal-to-metal interconnects over short
distances; use a 2D approach to increase the density and speed of
interconnects |
Result: Shift focus from smaller chips to complete
electronic systems (system improvement, not IC improvement), maximize space
efficiency with 3D packaging/chip stacking |
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2. “Shape-Selective
Assembly in Deformable Systems using Templated Assembly by Selective Removal”
Gunjan Agarwal, MIT |
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Approach: Selectively assemble deformable polymer microspheres
on rigid assembly templates using TASR (templated assembly by selective
removal) |
Result: Selected assembly of deformable polymer
microspheres on patterned silicon templates |
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3. “Towards
Self-Replicating Materials of DNA Functionalized Colloidal Particles” Mirjam Leunissen, NYU |
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Approach: Use colloidal particles functionalized with
complementary single-stranded DNA ‘sticky ends’ |
Result: Develop a new class of non-biological materials
that can self-replicate/grow indefinitely; colloidal building blocks |
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4. “Magnetic
Self-Assembly of Multiple Component Types: Simultaneous and Sequential
Sorting of a Heterogeneous Mixture” Sheetal Shetye, |
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Approach: Simultaneous and sequential heterogeneous assembly; free floating components from a heterogeneous mixture self-assemble onto pre-defined receptor sites on a fixed substrate using magnetic forces between permanent magnets integrated onto the component surfaces |
Result: Fabricate a micromagnet; magnetically-directed self-assembly for low-cost, high–throughput parallel assembly of multi-chip modules, etc. |
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5. “Three
Dimensional Nanostructures using Dielectrophoretic
Assembly” Mehmet Dokmeci,
Northeastern University |
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Approach: Use DEP (dielectrophoretic) assembly to manipulate CNTs in aqueous solution |
Result: Self-assembly of 3D nanostructures; 3D nanomaterial-based interconnects, sensors and active devices; 3D vertically-integrated CNT and gold nanoparticle-based devices |
Track: Molecular
Motors (
Theme: Replicate and extend naturally occurring motor functions with designed organic and inorganic processes
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1. “Mapping
molecular landscapes inside cells by cryoelectron tomography” Wolfgang Baumeister, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry |
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Approach: Use cryoelectron tomography to elucidate 3D cell
architecture and allow automated and unperturbed data collection |
Result: Map intracellular macromolecule spatial
relationships, molecular mapping of the whole cell |
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2. “A Unidirectional
Autonomous Bipedal DNA Nanorobot with Coordinated Legs” Tosan
Omabegho, |
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Approach: Construct a directed autonomous bipedal walker
coordinating two parts of the motor powered by a DNA fuel strand/catalysis
strand |
Result: In the future, use DNA walkers as sensors, to pull
cargo, to synthesize waste products and develop artificial
ribosomes/polymerases. DNA plus movement could generate a self-organizing
system |
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3. “Rotary molecular
motion at the nanoscale: Motors, propellers, wheels” Petr
Kral, |
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Approach: Use the naturally occurring rotary mechanism in
molecular nanomachines to create molecular propellers, nanoscopic wheels
rolling on water, molecular motors |
Result: Deliver nanomaterials (molecules, nanoparticles,
other nanoscale componentry) for use in building molecular electronics |
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4. “Maximum force
obtainable from a molecular photoactuator” Roman Boulatov,
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Approach: Use small molecules to replace AFM (atomic force microscope) laser traps in nanoscale microscopy. Translate objects by the structural change in reacting macromolecules (molecular propulsion) |
Result: Improved nanoscale microscopy technique, taking into account different propulsion dynamics at the nanoscale |
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5. “Nanocrystal
molecules with applications in single molecule biological imaging” Paul Alivisatos, UC Berkeley and Lawrence |
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Approach: Use two approaches: DNA/plasmonic coupling and DNA-inspired inorganic synthesis of nanoparticles/electronic coupling |
Result: Build coupled inorganic nanocrystals for single molecule biological imaging (groups of nanocrystals exhibit distinct properties) |
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6. “Molecular
Motors: Contractile fluctuations and stiffening of motor-activated gels” F.
C. MacKintosh, Vrije Universiteit |
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Approach: Construct a three-component filamentous protein in vitro model system consisting of myosin II, actin filaments, and cross-linkers to quantify the effects of motor activity non-equilibrium stresses, and showing a 100-fold stiffening of the cytoskeleton |
Result: Use microtubule models as endogenous probes of motor-activated dynamics in living cell cytoplasm |
Track: Viral
Self-Assembly (
Theme: Use unique properties of viruses, especially from a physics
perspective to develop nanostructures
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1. “Physics of Virus-inspired
Self-Assembly” Bogdan Dragnea,
Indiana Nanoscience Institute |
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Approach: Use abiotic nanotemplates
and self-assembling viral proteins. Model viruses as thermodynamic systems.
Integrate optics, viruses and nanoparticles together in one system using
thermodynamics/charge neutralization |
Result: Build particle supramolecular
assemblies |
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2. “Assembly of
multilayered viral nanoparticles: a new approach for vaccine design” Anette Schneemann, The Scripps
Research Institute |
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Approach: Make VLPs
(virus-like-particles; recombinantly expressed viruses without the viral
genome). Making chimeric nanoparticles, protein domains containing more than
150 amino acids displayed on a VLP |
Result: Nanoparticle platforms to make better vaccines
(e.g.; for anthrax) |
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3. “Stability and Dynamics
of Protein Cages” Brian Bothner, |
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Approach: Use virus nanoparticles, protein cages and other
biophysical techniques |
Result: Scaffolds for nanomaterials; characterize the
stability and dynamics (e.g.; thermal) of protein cages and virus particles
in solution |
Track: Self-Assembled
DNA Nanostructures (
Theme: Refine assembly techniques, processes and mechanisms to achieve build more complex nanodevices
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1. “A route to DNA
polyhedra and cages” Chengde Mao, |
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Approach: Use branched DNA star motifs |
Result: Systematically self-assemble regular [structurally
strong/desirable] polyhedra (examples: spherical virus capsid/protein shell;
C60 buckyball) |
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2. “Bringing the
Full Strength of Branched DNA Nanostructures to the Scaffolding of
Nanoparticles” William Sherman, Brookhaven National Laboratory |
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Approach: Use self-assembled branched DNA nanostructures;
build a Mao Tensegrity Triangle structure and cover gold nanoparticles with
DNA and zwitterions |
Result: Scaffolding of nanoparticles; allow
aggregation-resistance sequence-specific binding of nanoparticles to DNA
scaffolds |
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3. “Two- and threedimensional prestressed
DNA Tensegrity structures” Tim Liedl, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute and |
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Approach: Explore traditional examples of tensegrity
structures (mechanical stability from continuous tension and local
compression distributed over the entire structure) and define their use in
the nanoscale realm |
Result: A structure for building stronger and more
structurally sound nanomaterials |
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4. “DNA nanostructures made of monomolecular
G-Wires” Sébastien Lyonnais, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris |
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Approach:
Use G-wires (long mono-molecular 1D structures that are self-folded long
poly(dG) strands where guanines interact through
G-Quartets motifs and form superwires with a continuous backbone) |
Result: Use the G-wire specific properties to assemble rigid nanowires potentially usable as structural and functional components, connectors and scaffolds for nanodevice assembly |
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5. “Self-assembly of
a nano-scale DNA box with a controllable lid” Ebbe Andersen, |
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Approach: Nanoscale box (42 × 36 × 36 nm) with controllable lid; “key” sequence signal binds to the lock toehold to open; a Cy3-Cy5 FRET system detects the lid opening |
Result: More sophisticated object for drug delivery and other complicated activities vs. small molecules |
Track: Nanoplasmonics
& Nanophotovoltaics (
Theme: Apply optics and bottom-up techniques to produce nanomaterials for improved photovoltaics
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1. “Amorphous Si and CuIn(Ga)Se2 Nanowire Solar Cell”
Yi Cui, Stanford University |
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Approach: Use inorganic nanowires (a-Si:H and CuIn(Ga)Se2) to deliver enhanced absorption |
Result: Improved solar cells and batteries |
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2. “Self-Assembled
Plasmonic |
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Approach: Use silver nanocrystals (bottom-up method;
lithography substitute) to focus light to sub-wavelength volumes through
surface plasmon excitation |
Result: Colloidal plasmonic crystals to be used as
fabrication materials for nanoscale imaging, near-field photonics and optical
spectroscopy |
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3. “Vacuum Rabi
splitting and strong coupling dynamics for surface plasmon polaritons and
organic molecules” Päivi Törmä,
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Approach: Realize strong coupling with waveguided plasmons
propagating through a controllable-length molecular area |
Result: Ability to better manipulate and work with SPPs (surface plasmon polaritons) to achieve
sub-wavelength light |
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4. “Periodic
Plasmonic Nanostructures for Biosensing and Photovoltaics” Sang-Hyun Oh, |
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Approach: Use the EOT (extraordinary optical transmission) effect for real-time label-free biosensing in nanostructured metallic substrates |
Result: Build a new generation of biosensors and thin-film photovoltaic cells |
Track: Protein and
Peptide Design and Assembly (
Theme: Use molecular
materials (proteins, peptides, etc.) to generate useful nanoconstruction
materials
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1. “Designing and
assembling repeat proteins with novel structures and properties” Lynne Regan,
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Approach: Use the modular architecture of designed repeat
proteins vs. globular proteins, specifically TPR (tetratricopeptide
repeat), whose basic motif is a 34 amino acid helix-turn-helix. Also redesign
TPR module binding specificity |
Result: Make novel materials for protein engineering;
create smart nanogels with controllable and reversible assembly properties |
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2. “Extremely Thin
Crystalline Sheet Assembly from Periodic Amphiphilic
Peptoid Polymers” Ronald N. Zuckermann,
Molecular Foundry, |
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Approach: Use peptoids (bio-inspired material) for the
improved-property/lower-cost synthesis of protein-like (structure and function)
materials |
Result: Ability to design precisely-structured
nanomaterials; achiral (e.g.; greater planarity) thin (3 nm thick x 100
microns) crystalline sheets |
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3. “Collagen Peptide-Based Biomaterials:
Designing 3-D Structures through Metal Chelation” Jean Chmielewski,
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Approach: Use collagen peptide-based biomaterials (vs.
natural collagen) to deliver enhanced function |
Result: Generate better scaffolds for tissue engineering
from synthetic collagen metal-ligand assembly, unique collagen assemblies
include florettes, fibers, meshes, disks |
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4. “Progress in the Design of Protein Shells, Layers” Todd O. Yeates, UCLA |
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Approach: Use bacterial carboxysome shell proteins |
Result: Novel knotted topologies of folded proteins to lead to standardized construction of 3D synthesized proteins. Design of protein shells, layers, filaments and knotted materials. |
Track: Carbon-based Nanostructures
(
Theme: Improved
techniques for higher quality manufacture of carbon-based nanostructures
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1. “Ultrathin Films of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for
Analog RF and Digital Electronics” John Rogers, |
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Approach: Use ultrathin films of
SWNTs as a method for growing aligned CNTs |
Result: Better quality CNTs for analog RF and digital
electronics, not semiconductors (because would require too much change to the
current manufacturing process) |
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2. “Order-disorder
transitions in nano-clusters and implications in
their catalytic activity” Stefano Curtarolo, |
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Approach: Use a thermodynamic model to evaluate the
solubility of C in Fe nanoclusters and the behavior
of phases competing for stability |
Result: Determine the effects of Mo (Molybdenum)
concentration on growth capability and the attainment of stable phases |
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3. “Large area, Few
Layer Graphene Films on Insulating Substrates” Alfonso Reina,
MIT |
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Approach: Synthesize large-area few-layer grapheme films
with ambient pressure CVD |
Result: Reliable low-cost fabrication method of
graphene-based structures |
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4. “Toroidal Fullerenes with the Cayley
Graphs Structures” Ming-Hsuan Kang, |
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Approach: Use Cayley graphs and structures to measure the excitability of a molecule (HOMO-LUMO gap) |
Result: Understanding of how to realize toroidal fullerenes in 3D space |
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5. “Selective growth
of well aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon
nanotubes” Jie Liu, |
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Approach: Use a CVD method to allow selective growth of high-density arrays of well-aligned SWNTs to produce almost exclusively (95%) semiconducting SWNTs |
Result: Better control and alignment in the construction of SWNTs; a method to produce well-aligned arrays of pure semiconducting nanotubes for large-scale fabrication of nanotube FETs |
Track: Principles and
Theory of Self-Assembly (
Theme: Theoretical
development of frameworks and extensions for nanoscience
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1. “Programmable
Chemical Kinetics” David Soloveichik, Caltech |
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Approach: Derive new molecules and reactions from the math
that describes chemical systems. Information-bearing polymers like nucleic
acids can be more easily programmed for reactions with mathematical models |
Result: Use math to design complex behaviors with nucleic
acids like motors, logic gates, catalysts |
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2. “Non-Biological
Sequence Replication and Evolution Using DNA |
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Approach: Experiment with programmable DNA crystals |
Result: Deepen understanding of how replication in clays,
crystal systems is possible |
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3. “Global-to-Local
Programming and Theory for Spatial Multi-Agent Systems” Radhika Nagpal,
Harvard University |
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Approach:
Use programmable self-organization to design local interaction rules for
global outcomes; design spatial computer programs in a principled way, for the case of
pattern formation problems in asynchronous 1D cellular automata |
Result: Build novel spatial computers, a global-to-local
compiler |
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4. “Directing colloidal self-assembly using roughness-controlled depletion attractions” Thomas Mason, UCLA |
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Approach:
Use predictive calculation and Janus platelets (different
surface roughness on opposite faces) to direct thermodynamic self-assembly of a pure dimer phase |
Result: Insight into directing the self-assembly of colloidal particles through purely entropic interactions. Calculations for Janus particles predict the dimer phase and also a new type of configuration of columnar phase that has not yet been seen experimentally |
Track: Computational
Tools for Self-assembly (
Theme: Computer
models as an increasingly integral step in design and simulation of
biologically-directed behavior
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1. “Rapid
prototyping of three-dimensional DNA-origami shapes with caDNAno” Shawn
Douglas, Harvard Medical School |
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Approach: Open-source rapid prototyping CAD software for
DNA |
Result: Design of DNA sequences for folding into 3D
honey-comb pleated shapes |
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2. “Simulation of
Self-Assembly in the Abstract Tile Assembly Model with ISU TAS” Matthew J.
Patitz, |
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Approach: ISU TAS ( |
Result: Design and build 2D and 3D tile assembly systems
and simulate their self-assembly, an extension of Erik Winfree’s
1998 aTAM (abstract tile assembly model) |
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3. “Foldit: Scientific Discovery through
Computer Games” Adrien Treuille, |
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Approach: Take advantage of human skills in visualizing 3D
space, abstractions and spatial macromanipulations
in a 3D abstract reasoning computer game |
Result: Human-computer cooperative model for problem
solving; solve the molecular chemistry problem of getting a protein folded to
its final minimal energy state |